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A brief description of the trust agreement ½ÅŹ °è¾àÀÇ °£·«ÇÑ ¼³¸í
mechanism to hold real estate in Mexico ºÎµ¿»ê ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁò ¸ß½ÃÄÚ¿¡¼­ °³ÃÖ

INTRODUCTION ¼Ò°³

Several issues arise for foreigners wishing to purchase real estate in Mexico. ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¹®Á¦°¡ ºÎµ¿»ê ±¸ÀÔÀ» Èñ¸ÁÇÏ´Â ¿Ü±¹ÀÎÀº ¸ß½ÃÄÚ¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù.

Under the Mexican Constitution, real estate located in the "restricted zone" may not be owned outright by foreign individuals or entities.  The restricted zone consists of the strip of land 50 kilometers along the shores and 100 kilometers from the borders. However, as previously informed, under current changes in the Law, ownership of real estate in the restricted zone by foreign owned Mexican companies, for non-residential purposes, is now allowed. To circumvent the prohibition of purchasing real estate in the restricted zone for residential purposes, foreign individuals or entities may enter into an agreement known as trust agreement (Fideicomiso). ¸ß½ÃÄÚ Çå¹ýÀº ¾Æ·¡ ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ ¿Ü±¹ °³ÀÎÀ̳ª ±â°ü¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼ÒÀ¯µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼öµµÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù, ºÎµ¿»ê, "Á¦ÇÑµÈ ¿µ¿ª"¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇϰíÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Á¦ÇÑ ±¸¿ª ÅäÁöÀÇ ½ºÆ®¸³ÀÇ ±¹°æ¿¡¼­ ÇØ¾ÈÀ» µû¶ó 50km¿Í 100km·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾îÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌÀü Á¤º¸, ¹ý·ü, ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ ¼ÒÀ¯ ±â¾÷ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ¸ß½ÃÄÚ¸¦À§ÇÑ - ÁÖ°Å ¸ñÀû¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¦ÇÑ ±¸¿ª¿¡¼­ ºÎµ¿»êÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯±Ç¿¡ º¯°æ »çÇ×À» ¾Æ·¡¿¡ Áö±Ý ÇöÀçÀÌ Çã¿ëµË´Ï´Ù. ÁÖ°Å ¸ñÀûÀÇ ÇØ¿Ü ºÎµ¿»ê ±¸ÀÔ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¦ÇÑ ±¸¿ª¿¡¼­ ±ÝÁö¸¦ ¾î±â°í °³ÀÎ ¶Ç´Â ´Üü °è¾àÀ» ½ÅŹ °è¾à (Fideicomiso)·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø·Î ÀÔ·ÂÇÒ ¼öÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

II. ¥±. LEGAL FRAMEWORK. ¹ý·ü Á¦µµ.

Trust agreements are governed by the provisions of the Negotiable Instruments and Credit Operations Law (Ley General de Títulos y Operaciones de Crédito), the Credit Institutions Law (Ley de Instituciones de Crédito) and the Foreign Investment Law (Ley de Inversión Extranjera).   All of the above legislation is of a federal application (throughout Mexico). ½ÅŹ °è¾à º¯µ¿±Ý¸®Ã¤ Àνº Æ®·ç¸Õ Æ®¿Í ½Å¿ë ¹ýÀÇ ±ÔÁ¤¿¡ ÀǰÅÇÏ¿© ¿î¿µÇϰíÀÖ´Ù (Ley ÀÏ¹Ý µå Títulos y¸¦ Operaciones ½Å¿ë Ä«µå Çã¿ë), ½Å¿ë ±â°ü ¹ý (Ley µå Instituciones ½Å¿ë Ä«µå Çã¿ë)°ú ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ ÅõÀÚÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢ (Ley µå Àüµµ Extranjera). ¸ðµç À§ÀÇ ¹ý¾ÈÀÇ ¿¬¹æ ÀÀ¿ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥, ¸ß½ÃÄÚ ()À» ÅëÇØ Áß ÇϳªÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

III. ¥². SCOPE. ¹üÀ§.

Simply defined, a trust is an agreement whereby a party named settler entrusts (transfers) certain property to be used for a legal and specific purpose to be carried on by a commercial (private) bank.  For asset purposes, the bank holds the property as the fiduciary owner, and, thus, is not deemed the owner. °£´ÜÈ÷ Á¤ÀÇ, ½Å·Ú ¹ý·ü¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© Á¤´ç°ú ƯÁ¤ ¸ñÀûÀ» À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÉ¿¡ »ó¿ë (°³Àο¡ ÀÇÇØ ½Ç½ÃµÇ°í Á¤ÂøÃÌ entrusts (Àü¼Û)¶ó´Â ƯÁ¤ Àç»ê °è¾à) ÀºÇàÀÌ´Ù. ÀÚ»êÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ» À§ÇØ, ÀºÇàÀ¸·Î Àç»ê º¸À¯ ÁÖÀÎ ¼öÀÍÀÚ·Î Áö¸íÇϰí, µû¶ó¼­ ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÚ·Î °£ÁÖµÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.  Therefore, should the bank fold or be declared bankrupt, assets held in fiduciary property will not become part of the bank's estate. µû¶ó¼­, ÀºÇà ¶Ç´Â À̵¿ÇؾßÇÑ´Ù, ÀÚ»ê ½ÅŹÀÇ ºÎµ¿»ê¿¡ Àç»êÀÇ ÀϺΰ¡ µÉ ¼ö¾ø´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù ÀºÇàÀÌ ÆÄ»êÀ» ¼±¾ðÇß´Ù.  Other than trust agreements on real estate, as described below, trust agreements for several other purposes have been created, the most common of which are the following: ºÎµ¿»ê¿¡ °üÇÑ ½ÅŹ °è¾àÀ»º¸´Ù ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ¼³¸íµÈ´ë·Î ´Ù¸¥, ¿©·¯ ´Ù¸¥ ¸ñÀûÀ» À§ÇØ ½ÅŹ °è¾àÀ», ´ëºÎºÐÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¸¸µé¾îÁø ´ÙÀ½ :

Transfer of ownership trust (Fideicomiso traslativo de dominio):  Whereby the bank shall transfer the entrusted property to a beneficiary upon compliance of the conditions set forth here under. ¼ÒÀ¯±ÇÀÇ ¾çµµ ½Å·Ú (Fideicomiso traslativo µå dominio) : ¾î¶» ÀºÇà ¼öÇýÀÚ·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â Á¶°ÇÀÇ Áؼö¿¡ µû¶ó ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ¿©±â ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ¸Ã±ä Àç»êÀ» ¾çµµÇÏ¿©¾ßÇÑ´Ù.

Trust in execution of will (Fideicomiso testamentario): Whereby an individual transfers certain property to the bank, which upon decease of the settler shall distribute the entrusted property as indicated in the deed. ½Å·ÚÇÑ´Ù ½ÇÇà (Fideicomiso testamentario) : ÀºÇà, Á¤ÂøÃÌÀÇ »ç¸Á¿¡ ¾î¶»¿¡ µû¶ó °³º° Àü¼ÛÀ» ƯÁ¤ ¼Ó¼ºÀÌ Áõ¼­¿¡ Ç¥½ÃµÈ´ë·Î ¸Ã±ä Àç»êÀ» ºÐ¹èÇÑ´Ù.

Administration trust (Fideicomiso en garantía): Whereby the bank will invest the entrusted funds as indicated by the settler, to be transferred again to the settler or a third party at the expiration of the trust agreement. Á¤ºÎ´Â ½Å·Ú (Fideicomiso ko¸¦ garantía) : ¾î¶» ÀºÇà Á¤ÂøÃÌÀ¸·Î Ç¥½Ã·Î, ´Ù½Ã Á¤ÂøÃÌ ¶Ç´Â Á¦ 3 ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ½ÅŹ °è¾àÀÇ ¸¸·á¿¡ Àü¼ÛÇÒ ¼ö À§Å¹ ÀÚ±ÝÀ» ÅõÀÚÇÒ °èȹÀÌ´Ù.

Security trust (Fideicomiso en garantía): Whereby the bank holds the entrusted property as security for a previously appointed beneficiary, in the event the settler or a third party defaults a certain obligation.  It is commonly used in lieu of a mortgage, with the advantage that as soon as the bank is notified of the default, it sells the entrusted property and pays whatever is owed to the beneficiary, without the need of a court judgment or governmental ruling.  Should no default occur and upon the compliance of the secured obligation, the entrusted property is transferred to the settler. º¸¾È ½Å·Ú (Fideicomiso ko¸¦ garantía) : ¾î¶» ÀºÇàÀº ´ãº¸·Î ÀÌÀü¿¡ ÀÓ¸í ¼öÇýÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À̺¥Æ®´Â Á¤ÂøÃÌ ¶Ç´Â Á¦ 3 ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ºÎµ¿»ê ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ƯÁ¤ Àǹ«¿¡ À§Å¹Çß´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Àú´çÀÇ ´ë½Å¿¡, ÀåÁ¡°ú ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù ÃÖ´ëÇÑ »¡¸® ÀºÇàÀÇ ±âº» Áß, À§Å¹ ÆÇ¸Å Àç»ê Å뺸ÇÏ°í ¹¹µç ¼öÇýÀÚ·Î, ¹ý¿øÀÇ ÆÇ´ÜÀ̳ª Á¤ºÎ ¿©´çÀÇ ÇÊ¿ä¾øÀÌ ºúÁø ±Ý¾×À» Áö±ÞÇØµå¸³´Ï´Ù. ÀüÇô ¹ß»ý ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î È®º¸ÇؾßÇϰí Àǹ«ÀÇ Áؼö¿¡ µû¶ó, À§Å¹ ¼Ó¼ºÀº °áÆÇÀÌ·Î Àü¼ÛµË´Ï´Ù.

Any combination of the foregoing may also be entered into. Àü¼úÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÇ ¾î¶°ÇÑ Á¶ÇÕµµ¿¡ ÀÔ·ÂÇÒ ¼öÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

TRUST ON REAL ESTATE LOCATED IN THE RESTRICTED ½Å·Ú¿¡ Á¦ÇѵǾîÀÖ´Â ºÎµ¿»ê¿¡
ZONE FOR RESIDENTIAL PURPOSES Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ÁÖ°Å ¸ñÀû

Under this mechanism, a Mexican individual or entity (settler), holder of the property, will transfer the ownership of the property located in the restricted zone to a Mexican bank, who will hold it as trustee for the benefit of a foreign individual or entity. ÀÌ ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀº ¾Æ·¡ ¸ß½ÃÄÚ °³ÀÎ ¶Ç´Â ¹ýÀÎ (Á¤ÂøÃÌ), Àç»êÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÚ, ´©°¡ °üÀçÀÎÀ¸·Î ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ °³ÀÎ ¶Ç´Â ¹ýÀÎÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» À§ÇØ °³ÃÖ Àç»ê Á¦ÇÑµÈ ¿µ¿ª¿¡¼­ ¸ß½ÃÄÚ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ ÀºÇàÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯±ÇÀ» ÀÌÀüÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù .

The nature of this trust is irrevocable and of transfer of ownership (as discussed above), therefore, the settler, upon transferring the property to the trust will hold no interest there under.  There are certain tax benefits for holding the property in a foreign entity, inasmuch as upon transfer of the beneficial interest under a trust to a third party.  The stock of the foreign entity may be sold and, said sale would not be taxed in Mexico. ÀÌ Æ®·¯½ºÆ®ÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬À» Ãë¼ÒÇÒ ¼öÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù ¹× ¼ÒÀ¯±ÇÀÇ ¾çµµ (À§ ±×¸² ÂüÁ¶)À» ³íÀÇ, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, Á¤ÂøÃÌ¿¡ µû¶ó ½Å·Ú¿¡°Ô Àç»êÀ» ¾çµµ ¹Þ°í °Å±â¿¡ ÀüÇô °ü½ÉÀ» °®´Â´Ù.¿¡´Â ¿Ü±¹ ¹ýÀο¡ ƯÁ¤ Àç»ê¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼¼±Ý ÇýÅÃÀ» Àâ°íÀÖ´Ù , Á¦ 3 ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ½Å·Ú ÀÌÀÍÀÇ ¾çµµ Àθ¸Å­ °ü½ÉÀ» ¹Þ°íÀÖ´Ù. ¿Ü±¹ ¹ýÀÎÀÇ Àç°í ¹× ÆÇ¸Å°¡ µÉ ¼öÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù, ÆÇ¸Å ¸ß½ÃÄÚ¿¡¼­ °ú¼¼µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

An alternate beneficiary may be appointed at the time the trust is created, in the event of decease of the beneficiary or beneficiaries there under. ´ëü ¼öÇýÀÚ ½Å·Ú¸¦ ¸¸µç ´ç½Ã, ¼öÇýÀÚ ¶Ç´Â ¼öÇýÀÚ°¡ ±× ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ »ç¸ÁÀÇ À̺¥Æ®¿¡ ÀÓ¸íÀÖÀ» ¼öÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

To constitute the trust, the following must occur: ½Å·Ú°¡ ¼º¸³ÇÏ·Á¸é, ´ÙÀ½ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÕ´Ï´Ù :

1. The trust agreement must be granted before a public notary or broker; ½ÅŹ °è¾à °øÁõÀÎ ¶Ç´Â ºê·ÎÄ¿ Àü¿¡ ºÎ¿©ÇؾßÇÕ´Ï´Ù;

2. A permit from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores) to create the trust must be obtained.  Trusts are now granted for 50 year renewable terms; ¿Ü¹«¼º (Secretaría µå Relaciones Exteriores)ÀÇ Çã°¡¸¦ ÃëµæÇØ¾ß ½Å·Ú¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÒ ¼öÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Æ®·¯½ºÆ® ÀÌÁ¦ ¿À½Ê³â ¿ë¾î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àç»ýÀÌ ºÎ¿©µË´Ï´Ù;

3. The trust agreement must be recorded in the Public Registry of Property (Registro Público de la Propiedad) where the property is located and in the National Foreign Investment Registry (Registro Nacional de Inversiones Extranjeras); ½ÅŹ Àç»êÀÇ °è¾àÀº °ø°ø ·¹Áö½ºÆ®¸® (½Åû Público µå ¶óÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÚ) Àç»êÀÌ ¾îµð¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ°í ±â·ÏÇØ¾ßÇÏ´Â ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ ÅõÀÚ ·¹Áö½ºÆ®¸® (½Åû ³ª½Ã¿À³¯ µå Inversiones Extranjeras);

4. Bank fees must be paid, consisting of the bank's acceptance fee and the first annual trust fee; and ÀºÇà ¼ö¼ö·á, ÀºÇàÀÇ µ¿ÀÇ·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ¼ö¼ö·á¿Í ½ÅŹ ¼ö¼ö·á°¡ ÁöºÒµÇ¾î¾ßÇմϴ٠óÀ½À¸·Î ¿¬°£; ¹×

5. The notary must have evidence that the taxes of the transfer have been paid (please refer to the article in this magazine on taxes applicable to real estate transactions). °øÁõÀÎ (Á¦¹ß ºÎµ¿»ê °Å·¡¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â ¼¼±ÝÀÌ ÀâÁö¿¡ ±â»ç ÂüÁ¶) ±× ÀÌÀüÀÇ ¼¼±ÝÀ» ´ë°¡·Î µ·À»¹ÞÀº Áõ°Å°¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ßÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Finally, the beneficiary of the trust may transfer its beneficial interest to other foreign individuals or entities, by instructing its will to the bank.  Should the transfer be made to a Mexican national capable of purchasing the entrusted property, the transfer may occur through either an assignment agreement or the bank may be instructed to transfer the ownership of the property to the Mexican individual or entity and the trust agreement would be terminated. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î, ½Å·ÚÀÇ ¼öÇýÀÚ°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¿Ü±¹ °³ÀÎÀ̳ª ±â°ü, ÀºÇà¿¡ ÀÚ»ç °ÍÀÌ´Ù Áö½Ã¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÚ»çÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀÌ °ü½ÉÀ» ¾çµµÇÒ ¼öÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¼Û±Ý ¸ß½ÃÄÚ À§Å¹ Àç»êÀ» ±¸ÀÔ ´É·ÂÀÌ ±¹°¡, Àü¼Û Áß ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼öÀÖ´Â À§Çظ¦ ÅëÇØ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ®¾ß ÀÓ¹« °è¾à ¶Ç´Â ÀºÇàÀº ¸ß½ÃÄÚÀÇ °³ÀÎ ¶Ç´Â ¹ýÀΰú ½Å·Ú¸¦ °è¾à Àç»êÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯±Ç ¾çµµ¸¦ Áö½Ã ¼öÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù Á¾·áµÈ´Ù.

Any transfer of beneficial interest would have to be granted before a public notary or broker and, other than the permit from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the requirements set forth above must be met. À¯ÀÍÇÑ °ü½ÉÀÇ ¸ðµç ¼Û±ÝÀº °øÁõÀÎ ¶Ç´Â ºê·ÎÄ¿¿Í, ¿Ü±³ Åë»óºÎÀÇ Çã°¡ ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ Àü¿¡ ºÎ¿©µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ ÅÙµ¥, À§¿¡¼­ ¸í½ÃÇÑ ¿ä°ÇÀ» ÃæÁ·ÇؾßÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

TAXES APPLICABLE TO REAL ESTATE TRANSACTIONS ºÎµ¿»ê °Å·¡¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â ¼¼±Ý

The following describes the several federal and local taxes applicable to real estate transactions, such as sales, trusts or assignment of beneficial rights under a trust. ´ÙÀ½ ÆÇ¸Å, ½Å·ÚÀÇ ±Ç¸® ¶Ç´Â ÀÌÀÍÀÌ ÀÓ¹«¸¦ ½Å·Ú ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°Àº ¿©·¯ ¿¬¹æ Á¤ºÎ¿Í Áö¹æ ¼¼±ÝÀº ºÎµ¿»ê °Å·¡, Àû¿ëÀ» ¼³¸íÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

A) Income or Capital Gains Tax (Impuesto Sobre la Renta). A) ¼öÀÔÇϰųª ¾çµµ ¼Òµæ¼¼ (Impuesto °³¹ßÀÚ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¶ó Renta).

a.1. A.1. Individuals.  This tax must be always paid by the party (whether seller, purchaser, assignor or assignee) obtaining an income.  For said purposes, an appraisal on the property must be practiced by an authorized appraiser.  Capital gains will be paid on the higher of the transfer value or the appraised value. Any contractual provision stating otherwise is null and void. °³ÀÎ.ÀÌ ¼¼±ÝÀº Ç×»ó ÆÄƼ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ³³ºÎÇÏ¿©¾ßÇÕ´Ï´Ù (¿©ºÎ¸¦ ÆÇ¸ÅÀÚ, ±¸¸ÅÀÚ, assignor ¶Ç´Â ÇÒ´ç)ÀÇ ¼ÒµæÀ» ¾ò´Â. µé¸é ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÂÀÎµÈ °¨Á¤ÀÎÀ¸·Î ¿¬½ÀÇØ¾ßÇÏ´Â Àç»ê¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æò°¡. ijÇÇÅ» ³ôÀº »ó½Â¿¡ Áö±ÞµÈ´Ù ÀÌÀü °ª ¶Ç´Â Æò°¡¾×. ¸ðµç °è¾à Á¶Ç×ÀÌ ¹«È¿ÀÓÀ» ±×·¸Áö.

Because most appraisals are lower than the actual price, many transactions are fixed according to the former and the balance is paid "on the side."  This constitutes tax evasion and fines as well as imprisonment may be imposed by the tax authorities.  The income tax rate varies depending on the circumstances of the transaction, and certain exceptions apply. ÀÌ´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Æò°¡°¡ ½ÇÁ¦ °¡°Ýº¸´Ù ¸¹Àº °Å·¡¿Í ±ÕÇü Àü "Ãø¸é¿¡ µû¶ó Áö±ÞµÇ´Â °íÁ¤µË´Ï´Ù."À̻Ӹ¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¼¼¹« ´ç±¹¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±¸±Ý°ú ¹ú±ÝÀÌ ºÎ°ú µÉ ¼öµµ Å»¼¼¿¡ ÇØ´ç Çϰŵç¿ä. ¼Òµæ¼¼ ±Ý¸®´Â °Å·¡ÀÇ »óȲ¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸¨´Ï´ÙÇÏ°í Æ¯Á¤ ¿¹¿Ü°¡ Àû¿ëµË´Ï´Ù.

Sellers have an option to either pay a 20% (twenty percent) rate on the total sales price, or 35% (thirty-five percent) on the income as determined in the following paragraph.  The income is determined by updating the original purchase price to the date of sale or transfer, and applying the inflation factors determined and published by the Banco de México (Mexico's central bank) on a monthly basis.  The land must be separated from the construction in order to determine the depreciation of the latter.  Sellers may also deduct the following expenses: ÆÇ¸ÅÀÚ ¿É¼Ç Áß 20 % (20 %) ºñÀ²Àº Àüü ÆÇ¸Å °¡°Ý, ¶Ç´Â 35 % (30 - 5 %) ´ÙÀ½ ´Ü¶ô¿¡¼­ °áÁ¤µÇ´Â °Í°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ¼öÀÔ¿¡ ¿ä±ÝÀ» ÁöºÒÇÒ Çʿ䰡ÀÖ´Ù. ¼Òµæ ¿ø·¡ ±¸ÀÔ °¡°Ý¿¡¼­ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌ Æ®¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °áÁ¤µË´Ï´Ù Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ÈÄÀÚÀÇ °¨°¡ »ó°¢À» °áÁ¤ ÆÇ¸Å ¶Ç´Â ¾çµµÀÇ ³¯Â¥¿Í ÀÎÇ÷¹ÀÌ¼Ç ¿äÀο¡ µû¶ó °áÁ¤ ½Åû ¹× ¹ßÇà ¹æÄÚ µå ¸ß½ÃÄÚ (¸ß½ÃÄÚ Áß¾Ó ÀºÇà¿¡ ÀÇÇØ) ÇÑ ´Þ¿¡ ÇÑ ¹ø¾¿Çß´Ù. ÅäÁö °ø»ç·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐ¸®µÇ¾î¾ßÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¼¿·¯ ¶ÇÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ºñ¿ëÀ» °øÁ¦ÇÒ ¼öÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù :

1.  The adjusted original purchase price as determined above; 1. À§ÀÇ °áÁ¤À¸·Î Á¶Á¤ ¿ø·¡ ±¸ÀÔ °¡°Ý;

2.  Investments made on constructions and improvements; 2. ÅõÀÚ °ø»ç ¹× °³¼±¿¡ Á¦Ãâ;

3.  Notary¡¯s expenses, taxes and fees (including appraisals) incurred in the original 3. °øÁõÀÎÀÇ ºñ¿ë, ¼¼±Ý°ú (Æò°¡ µî ¼ö¼ö·á)¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÑ ¿ø·¡

purchase; and ±¸¸Å; ¹×

4.  Commissions and mediations paid on the sale of the property. 4. ¼ö¼ö·á ¹× Á¶Á¤ ºÎµ¿»êÀÇ ¸Å°¢À» ÁöºÒÇß´Ù.

The transfer of real estate used by individuals as their residence for the past two years is exempt from capital gains tax.  In this case, foreigners must prove their residence by means of either certain FM-3 or FM-2 visa , evidencing residence for said period of time.  Capital gains tax is determined and paid by the Public Notary attesting to the transaction.  Public Notaries are jointly liable before the tax authorities for the payment of taxes. ºÎµ¿»êÀº Áö³­ 2 ³â µ¿¾È ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °ÅÁÖÁö·Î °³Àο¡ ÀÇÇØ »ç¿ëÀÇ ¾çµµ´Â ¾çµµ ¼Òµæ¼¼°¡ ¸éÁ¦µË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â, ¿Ü±¹Àεµ ƯÁ¤ÀÇ FMÀÇ ¶æ - 3 ³ª FM - 2 ºñÀÚ·Î, °ÅÁÖÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áõ¸íÇÏ´Â ±×µéÀÇ °ÅÁÖÁö Áõ¸íÇØ¾ßÇß´Ù . ¾çµµ ¼Òµæ¼¼¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ°í °øÁõÀο¡ ÀÇÇÑ °Å·¡¸¦Çß´Ù. °ø°ø Notaries attesting Áö±Þ ±â°£ Àü¿¡ °øµ¿ Ã¥ÀÓ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼¼¹« ´ç±¹¿¡ ¼¼±ÝÀ» ÁöºÒÇß´Ù.

Assignment of beneficial interest under a trust, before the transaction has been formalized in favor of the assignor, is also taxed; therefore a tax analysis must be made in order to determine capital gains. ½ÅŹ ÀÌÀÍÀÇ °ü½ÉÀ» ¹Þ°í ÇÒ´çÇϱâ Àü¿¡ °Å·¡ assignorÀÇ ºÎŹ¿¡ °ø½ÄÈ­µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ùµµ °ú¼¼µÇ¸ç ¾çµµ¸¦ °áÁ¤Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ µû¶ó¼­ ¼¼±ÝÀ» ºÐ¼®ÇؾßÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

a.2. Corporations. Corporations or entities residing and owning real estate in Mexico are not taxed on a per transaction basis for the transfer of real estate.  A Mexican corporation can have 100% foreign ownership ; it can take title of any real estate properties, regarding of its location, under an Escritura, which is the equivalent of a Deed, if it is for commercial purpose, such as rentals. Áغñ A.2. ±â¾÷. ¹ýÀÎ ¶Ç´Â ´Üü¿¡ °ÅÁÖÇÏ°í ¸ß½ÃÄÚÀÇ ºÎµ¿»ê ¼ÒÀ¯ ºÎµ¿»êÀÇ ¾çµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æ®·£Àè¼Ç ´ÜÀ§·Î °ú¼¼µÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ¸ß½ÃÄÚ ¹ýÀÎÀ» 100 % ¿Ü±¹ ¼ÒÀ¯±ÇÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¸ðµç ºÎµ¿»êÀÇ Á¦¸ñÀÌ °É¸± ¼öÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù ÀÚ»çÀÇ À§Ä¡, Escritura, ÀÌ¿¡ »óÀÀÇÏ´Â ºñ¿ëÀÔ´Ï´Ù ¾Æ·¡¿¡ °üÇÑ Áõ¼­ÀÇ °æ¿ì ÀÓ´ë·á¿Í °°Àº »ó¾÷ÀûÀÎ ¸ñÀûÀ» À§ÇØÀÌ´Ù.

Mexican corporations must accrue their net income to their annual income and by deducting all of their expenses relating to the corporation (but not necessarily relating to the property) for said fiscal year, pay an annual capital gains tax at a rate of 34% (thirty-four percent).  They may also carry over losses for past fiscal years. ¸ß½ÃÄÚ ±â¾÷µéÀÌ ¿¬°£ ¼ÒµæµéÀÇ ´ç±â ¼øÀÌÀÍÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇØ¾ßÇÏ¸ç ±â¾÷°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ¸ðµç ºñ¿ëÀ» °øÁ¦ÇÏ¿© (±×·¯³ª ¹Ýµå½Ã Àç»êÀ») ¾È °ü·ÃµÈ ȸ°è ¿¬µµ ¿¬°£ 34 %ÀÇ ¼¼À²·Î ¾çµµ ¼Òµæ¼¼¸¦ ³»¾ßÇß´Ù (30 - 4 %). ±×µéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ °ú°ÅÀÇ È¸°è ³â µ¿¾È ¼Õ½ÇÀ» ÀÌ¿ù ¼öÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

B) Acquisition Tax (Impuesto Sobre Adquisición de Inmuebles).  The purchaser or assignee of the property upon transfer or assignment must pay a one time 2% (two- percent) acquisition tax.  Said tax is also determined and paid by the Public Notary attesting the transaction. B)¸¦ ¼öÁý ¼¼±Ý (Impuesto °³¹ßÀÚ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Adquisición µå Inmuebles).ÀÇ ±¸¸ÅÀÚ ¶Ç´Â ¾çµµ ¶Ç´Â ÀÓ¹«¿¡ µû¶ó Àç»êÀÇ ÇÒ´ç ÇÑ ½Ã°£ (2 - %), Ãëµæ¼¼ 2 %¸¦ ÁöºÒÇÏ¿©¾ßÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¼¼±Ýµµ °áÁ¤µË´Ï´Ù¿Í °øÁõÀο¡ ÀÇÇÑ À¯·á attesting Æ®·£Àè¼Ç.

C) Real Estate Tax (Impuesto Predial).  A percentage determined by local tax authorities, which may vary depending on the conditions of the property (if said property is vacant, has constructions, etc.), must be paid annually by the owner.  Upon transfer of the real estate, the public notary attesting the transaction, as well as a certificate evidencing that there are no outstanding debts thereon requests a copy of the most recent payment. C) ºÎµ¿»ê ¼¼±Ý (Impuesto ³óÁö). ¹éºÐÀ² ÇöÁö Á¶¼¼ ´ç±¹¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Àç»êÀÇ Á¶°Ç¿¡ µû¶ó ´Þ¶óÁú ¼öÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù °áÁ¤ (¼Ó¼ºÀÌ ºñ¾îÀÖ´Ù¸é, °Ç¼³ µî), ¿¬°£ ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÚ°¡ ÁöºÒµÇ¾î¾ßÇß´Ù. ºÎµ¿»êÀÇ ¾çµµ½Ã, °øÁõÀÎ attesting °Å·¡»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀÎÁõ¼­°¡ ¾ø´Ù ºúÀº À§¿¡ °¡Àå ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ÁöºÒÀÇ »çº»À» ¿äûÇϰíÀÖ´Ù Áõ¸íÇß´Ù. Real estate tax may increase substantially by any construction or improvement made on the property. ºÎµ¿»ê ¼¼±ÝÀ» ´ëÆø °³¼± ¾î¶² °ø»ç ¶Ç´Â Àç»ê¿¡ Á¦ÃâÇÏ¿© Áõ°¡½Ãų ¼öÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

  • Value Added Tax (Impuesto al Valor Agregado).  A 15% (fifteen percent) valued added tax is payable by the purchaser only in the event of purchase of constructions used for non-residential purposes, such as commercial structures.  All other sales are exempt from value added tax.  However, services are taxed; therefore, notary, legal and other closing fees are taxed with a 10% (ten percent) rate. ºÎ°¡ °¡Ä¡¼¼ (Impuesto ¾Ë ¿ë¸Í Agregado). ÇÑ 15 % (15 %)¸¦ Ãß°¡ ¼¼±ÝÀ¸·Î °ø»ç°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ »ç¿ë °¡Ä¡ ±¸¸ÅÀÚÀÇ ±¸¸ÅÀÇ À̺¥Æ®¿¡¸¸ Áö±Þ - »ó¾÷¿ë °Ç¹° µî ÁÖ°Å ¸ñÀûÀÌ´Ù. ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ ÆÇ¸Å°¡ ¸éÁ¦µË´Ï´Ù °¡Ä¡ ¼¼±ÝÀ» µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ¼­ºñ½º¿¡ °ú¼¼ÇÏ´Â; µû¶ó¼­, ¹ýÀû °øÁõ ¹× ±âŸ ´Ý´Â ¼ö¼ö·á 10 % (10 %) Æò°¡¿Í °ú¼¼µË´Ï´Ù.

Francisco Cossu , who practices law in Cabo San Lucas, wrote this brief narration of the Real Estate Law in Mexico. ½Ã½ºÄÚ Cossu, Ä«º¸ »ê ·çÄ«½º¿¡¼­ °üÇà ¹ý, ºÎµ¿»ê ¹ýÀÌ ÂªÀº ³»·¹ÀÌ¼Ç ¸ß½ÃÄÚ¿¡¼­ ½è½À´Ï´Ù.

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